ow does sodium gluconate affect the concrete properties?

Sodium gluconate has several effects on concrete properties:

Water Reduction: Sodium gluconate acts as a water-reducing agent, improving workability and reducing the water-to-cement ratio. This results in denser, stronger concrete.
Set Retardation: It delays the setting time of concrete. This is beneficial during construction, allowing more time for placement and finishing.
Improved Compressive Strength: By slowing down hydration, sodium gluconate enhances the compressive strength of concrete at both early and later stages.
Reduced Cracking: The delayed setting helps prevent rapid temperature changes and reduces the risk of thermal cracking.